In simple terms, CNC machines are used as part of manufacturing. CNC is the acronym for “Computer Numerical Control” and with these machines, tools are controlled via computer. With CNC machines, a wide range of tools are used to include grinders, mills, lathes, routers, and more.
As an automated milling device, this type of machine is capable of making small and large industrial components and because computers are used, assistance from a human is not required. By using coded instructions sent to an internal computer, the machine can fabricate parts not only quickly but also to exact specifications.
Based on the type of CNC machine being used, different parts are manufactured. In addition, fabrication is possible for many different sectors although manufacturing is primary.
Types of CNC Machines
As stated, there are actually several different types of CNC machines and depending on the one used the outcome is unique.
- 3D Printers – These printers are programmed by computers
- Grinders – This machine works in conjunction with a spinning wheel as a means of grinding material down. However, grinders also mold plastic or metal into a shape as instructed. For this reason, this CNC machine is typically used for projects that do not require precise results as seen with lathes and mills.
- Lathes – This CNC machine uses automated tools that spin in order to achieve a specific shape of material. Most often, lathes are used to make cylinders and cones, as well as other symmetrical pieces that require precise and intricate cuts.
- Milling – With this, materials are cut automatically. With a cutting spindle, the machine’s positions and depths can be moved according to instructions provided by the computer.
- Routers – With a router, different materials are cut
- Turret Punch – As the name indicates, this machine works by punching holes in plastic or metal
Usually, a G-code is used to program the various CNC machines. Within this code is key information regarding positioning of the machine and tool placement. With modern machines, it is common for multiple computers to be tied in, all receiving instructions from a software file for operation and tooling.